conditional sentences

Conditional sentences

A conditional sentence is composed of two parts :

If – clause + main clause

Example :

If it rains tomorrow, we will not come.

1.    First conditional sentences

The first conditional(also called conditional type 1) is a structure used for talking about possibilities in the present or in the future.

Pattern :

If + subject 1+ present simple tense + subject 2 + future simple tense

	If + S + V-1, S + modal-1 + V-1 If + S + am ,are,is + NV , S + modal-1 + V-1 If + S + V-1 , S + modal-1 + be + NV If + S + am,are,is + NV , S +modal -1 + be +NV

 

EXAMPLE :

1.    If bertha comes, I can give her the message.

Jika bertha datang, saya akan memberinya pesan itu.

2.    If the students arrive late, the teacher may be angry with them.

Jika para siswa datang terlambat, guru mungkin marah dengan mereka.

3.    Anton will not  go to the picnic if it rains.

Anton tidak akan pergi piknik jika hujan.

2.    Second conditional sentences

The second conditional  is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the present or in the future.

Pattern :

If + s +v2                   s+ past modals + v1

S + to be + n/adj.     s + past modals + v1

If – clause – simple past, main clause – past future

Example :

·         If I had the money, I would buy this car.

·         If I were you, I would drive more carefully in the rain.

·         If dogs had wings, they would be able to fly.

·         If all my classes were cancelled tomorrow, I would accompany you.

3.    Third conditional sentences

The third conditional is a structure used for  talking about unreal situations in the past. In other words, it is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past.

Pattern :

If + s + had + v3                       s + past modals +have +v3 

If – clause – past perfect , main clause – past future perfect

Example :

·         If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident.

·         If I had saved more money last year, I would have bought a new laptop now.

·      If he had changed the lock to his room, the bugle would have difficulty breaking in.